Effect of orthokeratology combined with 0.01% Atropine Sulfate Ophthalmic Gel on curative effect and analysis influencing factors on children's myopia / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the influence of orthokeratology combined with 0.01% Atropine Sulfate Eye Gel on the recovery of myopia in children and the factors influencing the curative effect of children. <p>METHODS: Totally 200 children with myopia admitted to our hospital in 2017-03/2019-03 were selected. According to the requirements of children and guardians, the observation group(orthokeratology combined with 0.01% Atropine Sulfate Eye Gel)and the control group(only wearing orthokeratology)were selected. Totally 108 cases in the observation group were included in the study, 8 cases were abandoned after 6mo, and 100 cases were finally included to complete the follow-up. 92 cases in the control group were included in the study, 5 cases abandoned after 6mo, and 87 cases completed the follow-up. The patients' best corrected far vision, best corrected near vision, naked eye vision, intraocular pressure, pupil diameter and adjustment amplitude and discomfort symptoms after treatment were collected before and after 6mo.<p>RESULTS: The uncorrected visual acuity of the observation group after treatment was 0.12±0.05, and that of the control group was 0.19±0.07, which were significantly higher than those before treatment(<i>P</i><0.05), and the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). After treatment, the intraocular pressure of the two groups had no significant change(<i>P</i>>0.05); the pupil diameter of the observation group after treatment was(7.01±0.66)mm, which was significantly higher than(6.09±0.69)mm before treatment(<i>P</i><0.05); the adjustment amplitude was(14.06±4.03)D, which was significantly lower than(15.31±4.40)D before treatment(<i>P</i><0.05); there were no significant changes in the pupil diameter and adjustment amplitude of the control group after treatment(<i>P</i>>0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that good myopia control was negatively correlated with age, uncorrected visual acuity and astigmatism before treatment(<i>P</i><0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that myopia control was negatively correlated with age and uncorrected visual acuity before treatment(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Orthokeratology combined with 0.01% Atropine Sulfate Eye Gel is helpful for the control of myopia in children. The effect of treatment is influenced by the age of children and the visual acuity before treatment.

Safety and efficacy of ketamine xylazine along with atropine anesthesia in BALB/c mice

Anesthetics are an indispensable prerequisite for surgical intervention and pharmacological animal studies. The objective of present study was to optimize the dose of ketamine (K) and xylazine (X) along with atropine sulfate (A) in order to achieve surgical tolerance in BALB/c mice. Several doses of ketamine (100, 150, 200 mg/kg) and xylazine (10, 15, 20 mg/kg) were mixed and combination of nine doses (K/X: 100/10, 100/15, 100/20, 150/10, 150/15, 150/20, 200/10,200/15,200/20) were evaluated (n=9 per combination). A constant dose of atropine (0.05 mg/kg) was also used to counter side effect. Time-related parameters were evaluated on the basis of reflexes. KX at dose 200/20 mg/kg produced surgical tolerance in all nine mice with duration 55.00±6.87 minutes. The induction time 0.97±0.09 minutes, sleeping time 90.67±5.81 minutes and immobilization time (102.23±6.83 minutes) were significantly higher than all combination. However, this combination was considered unsafe due to 11 % mortality. While, KX at dose 200/15 mg/kg results in none of the mortality, so was considered as safe. Moreover, this combination produces surgical tolerance in 89 % mice with duration (30.00±7.45 minutes). It was concluded that KX at dose 200/15 mg/kg along with atropine 0.05 mg/kg is safe for performing surgical interventions in BALB/c mice.

Adverse effects of 0.01％ atropine sulfate eye drops on myopic children / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective To observe the adverse effects of 0.01％ atropine sulfate eye drops on myopic children.Methods A prospective non-randomized controlled trial was conducted.Ninety-nine myopic children (99 right eyes) were randomly assigned to experimental group(55 cases) and control group(44 cases).Myopic children of experimental group wore completely corrected frame glasses,while 0.01％ atropine sulfate eye drop was dropped into each eye once a day before going to bed.Myopic children in control group only wore completely corrected frame glasses.The follow-up time was 4 months.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA),intraocular pressure (IOP),change of pupil diameter (PD) and amplitude of accommodation,symptoms of discomfort after medication were observed.This study followed the Helsinki declaration and was approved by Ethic Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University.Informed consent was signed by the parents of each patient.Results No significant differences were found in best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA),best corrected near visual acuity(BCNVA) and IOP between the two groups before and 4 months after treatment (BCDVA:Fgroup =3.880,P =0.112;Ftime =27.220,P =0.413;BCNVA:Fgroup =5.200,P =0.311;Ftime =38.200,P =0.116,IOP:Fgroup =12.350,P=0.214;Ftime =22.300,P =0.146).After 4 months treatment,the PD was (6.99 ±0.64) mm in the experimental group,which was significantly higher than that before treatment(P＜0.001).The PD of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group after 4 months treatment,and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).The amplitude of accommodation in the experimental group was 14.01 ±3.98 after 4 months treatment.which was 1.20 D lower than that before treatment,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.01).The amplitude of accommodation of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group after 4 months treatment,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Four cases (8％) appeared photophobia symptoms.Two cases and 2 cases appeared photophobia for 1 week or 2 weeks,respectively.However this symptom would relieve after wear sunglasses or sunshade caps in outdoor activities.One case (2％) appeared ocular itching and swelling after 1 month treatment,but disappeared after withdrawal.There were no other uncomfortable symptoms such as near sight blurring.Conclusions In mainland of China,the BCDVA,BCNVA and IOP of myopic children are stable;the PD is dilated and the amplitude of accommodation is decreased slightly after 4 months treatment of 0.01％ atropine,and 10％ children appear photophobia,but do not affect their study and life.

Simultaneous determination of two constituents in five parts of Belladonnae Herba by RP-HPLC / 中成药

AIM To establish an RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of two constituents in five parts (whole grass,roots,stems,leaves and fruits) of Belladonnae Herba.METHODS The analysis of Belladonnae Herba methanol extract was carried out on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Agilent TC-C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-phosphate buffer flowing at 1.0 ml/min in an isocratic elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 216 nm.RESULTS Atropine sulfate and scopolamine hydrobromide showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 51.60-1 290 mg/L (R2 =0.999 9)and 2.90-72.00 mg/L (R2 =0.999 5),whose average recoveries were 101.3％ and 101.5％ with the RSDs of 2.5％ and 1.3％,respectively.The contents of two constituents were the highest in the roots and leaves,respectively,and both of them demostrated the lowest contents in the stems.CONCLUSION The contents of atropine sulfate and scopolamine in different parts of Belladonnae Herba show obvious differences.

Detection of Atropine Sulfate by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy ( SERS) technique for the determination of atropine sulfate. Methods:The Raman peaks of atropine sulfate molecules were classified by theoretical calculations and experimental tests, and the 1002 cm-1 Raman peaks were selected as the characteristic peaks for the quantitative analysis. Results:The detection limit of atropine sulfate in aqueous solution was below 0. 5 μg·ml-1 . The relationship between the intensity of characteristic peaks at 1002 cm-1 and the concentration of aqueous solution was linear within the range of 1-8 μg ml-1 with the linear correlation coefficient r of 0. 9839. The recovery rates of 2, 5 and 7μg ml-1 were measured, which were 97. 1%-109. 8%. The average recovery was 103. 3%, and the RSD was 4. 5% (n=9). At the same time, the stability of the method among the batches was tested, and the relative standard deviation was 5. 7 %. In addition, the atractylodes rhizome samples containing atropine sulfate were detected,and the characteristic peaks still could be detected at 1002 cm-1 . Conclusion:The method is rapid, accurate and nondestructive with easy operation, which can be used for the detection of atropine sulfate.

Preparation and in vitro Drug Release of Ocular Thermosensitive Gel of Atropine Sulfate / 中国药师

Objective:To prepare the ocular thermosensitive gel of atropine sulfate and study its in vitro release. Methods: The gel formula was optimized by central composite design response surface methodology. The influences of the amounts of poloxamer 407 (P407) and poloxamer 188(P188) on gelling temperature before and after the dilution with simulated tear fluid were investigated. A membraneless dissolution model was used to determine the gel erosion and in vitro release. Results:The optimized gel formula was as follows:23% P407 and 5% P188. The deviations between the measured values and predicted values were all lower than 5%. The in vitro release experiment showed that the gel erosion and the drug release fitted zero-order kinetics equations with promising correlation, indicating a dissolution-controlled release mechanism. Conclusion:The optimization of the ocular thermosensitive gel of atropine sul-fate can be achieved by central composite design response surface methodology with good estimation. The thermosensitive gel with sus-tained drug release property meets the design requirements.

Eccrine Hidrocystoma Treated with Low-concentration Atropine Sulfate / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Clinical effect and safety of different concentrations of atropine preparations in the treatment of ametropia / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the effect and safety of Atropine preparations of 0.1%and 0.01%concentrations in the treatment of Ametropia.Methods 123 cases of ametropia from April 2014 to August 2015 in ophthalmic hospital of ningbo were randomly selected and divided into three groups, 41 cases in each group.High concentration group received 0.1%atropine sulfate eye drops treatment,low concentration group received 0.01%atropine sulfate eye drops treatment,and the control group received artificial tear mytear,and three groups were treated for one year.Changes in vision, refraction, intraocular pressure and axial length of the eye were compared after the treatment.Results High concentration group >low concentration group >control group in the the difference of distant visual acuity before and after the treatment ( Plow concentration group>high concentration group in the refractive index,intraocular pressure and ocular axis length difference before and after treatment (P<0.05),and the effective rate in the low concentration group 85.37%and high concentration group 90.24%had no significant difference.Adverse effects rate in high concentration group was 21.95%which was higher than low concentration group 4.88%(P<0.05).Conclusion 0.1%and 0.01%concentrations of atropine were effective control of Ametropia in flexion and axial length spectrophotometry, and then improve the visual acuity, and the former is better,but the 0.01%concentrations had higher safety.

Estenosis hipertrófica pilórica infantil / Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis child

La estenosis hipertrófica infantil representa la condición más común que requiere resolución quirúrgica en la infancia temprana. La función y motilidad del píloro está guiada por distintos sistemas que involucran sistema nervioso entérico, hormonas gastrointestinales y las células intersticiales de Cajal, es así como distintos factores que afecten dichos componentes se ven involucrados en las distintas hipótesis de la fisiopatogenia de la enfermedad. El diagnóstico se basa clásicamente en historia clínica, examen físico y estudios de imágenes. El manejo ha sido clásicamente quirúrgico, mediante la piloromiotomía de Ramstedt, sin embargo se ha planteado manejo farmacológico mediante sulfato de atropina.

Infantile hypertrophic stenosis is the most common condition requiring surgical intervention in early childhood. The function and motility of the pylorus is guided by different systems involving enteric nervous system, gastrointestinal hormones and the interstitial cells of Cajal, is how different factors affecting these components are involved in the different hypotheses of pathogenesis of the disease. The diagnosis is typically based on clinical history, physical examination and imaging studies. The surgical management has been classically by Ramstedt pyloromyotomy, however pharmacological management has been raised by atropine sulfate.

Intravenous Atropine Sulfate Therapy for Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the applicability of intravenous atropine sulfate therapy in infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). From 1998 to 2000 among 35 cases of IHPS, pyloromytomy was performed in 13 (Group A), and intravenous atropine was given as a primary therapy in 22 cases (Group B). In group A, all cases were cured completely. In group B, 13 (59 %) out of 22 cases were successfully treated with atropine, but 9 were failed therapy, and required operation. The recovery period to normal feeding and the hospital stay of the successful atropine group were longer than those of pyloromyotomy, 8.6 days vs. 2.9 days and 13.2 days vs. 4.1 days, respectively. In conclusion, intravenous atropine therapy did not replace pyloromyotomy, but it might be an alternative for the selected patients with contraindications for operation.

Multiple Eccrine Hidrocystoma Treatedwith 1% Topical Atropine Sulfate

We report a case of multiple eccrine hidrocystoma (MEH) in a 57-year-old woman who had asymptomatic, discrete, skin-colored, shiny, firm papulovesicles on the face. These lesions enlarged during summer or when the patient did housework, and decreased in sue during winter or rest. Histologic examination showed a dilated, unilocular, cystic, invaginated structure within the middle dermis. The wall of the cyst generally consisted of two layers of Rat or cuboida1 epithelial cells. Decapitation secretion and myoepithelial cells were not observed. The lesions improved markedly with 1% topical atropine sulfate.

Two Cases of Successful Treatment with Atropine Sulfate in Persistent Vomiting beyond Pyloromyotomy of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyrolic Stenosis

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS) is the most common condition requiring abdominal surgery in early infancy, and is caused by hypertrophied pyloric muscle. The development of successful surgical treatment in the early 1900s by Fredet and Ramstedt made it possible for infants worldwide to survive. Modern pediatric anesthetic techniques have virtually eliminated mortality from surgical management. Atropine sulfate is a cholinergic blocking agent with potent antimuscarinic activity that decreases peristaltic contractions by relaxing smooth muscles. We treated two cases of IHPS with incomplete pyloromyotomy in 3-month-old and 5-month-old male infants by administering atropine sulfate intravenously. They were free from vomiting after 5 days of intravenous atropine sulfate treatment. In these rare cases of persistent vomiting or refractory emesis following incomplete pyloromyotomy, there may be a role for atropine sulfate.

Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Treated with Intravenous Atropine Sulfate

PURPOSE: The pharmacologic effect of atropine on HPS can be considered to control pyloric muscle spasm. Therefore, we studied the effects of intravenous atropine sulfate on the clinical course of HPS, and periodically observed the ultrasonographic appearance of the pyloric muscles after atropine treatment. METHODS:From April 1998 to May 1999, 14 infants who were diagnosed with HPS were treated with intravenous atropine sulfate. Intravenous atropine sulfate was administered at an initial dose of 0.04mg/kg/day, which was divided into 8 equal doses. The daily dose was increased by 0.01 mg/kg/day until vomiting was controlled for an entire day while infants received unrestricted oral feeding. Ultrasonographic examinations were performed during hospitalization and repeated at least every 2 months until normalization of pyloric muscles was confirmed. RESULTS: Intravenous atropine was effective in 12 of 14 infants with HPS and the conditions of 9 of them improved. Two infants who were not free from vomiting despite a week of intravenous atropine sulfate treatment underwent pyloromyotomy. A series of ultrasonographic examinations were done after vomiting had improved with intravenous atropine sulfate. The ultrasonographic findings showed good passage of gastric contents through pyloric canals despite thickening of the pyloric muscles. CONCLUSION: Intravenous administration of atropine sulfate is an effective therapy for HPS and can be an alternative to pyloromyotomy. (J Korean Pediatr Soc 2000;43:763-768)

Quantitative comparison of atropine and tricyclamol with standard blocking agents of neuromascular transmission in cats under dial-urethane anesthesia

A quantitative comparison of atropine sulfate and tricyclamol chloride with tubocurarine chloride with tubocurarine chloride and succinylcholine chloride on neuromuscular block reveals the following salient observations: 1. Atropine and tricyclamol produce neuromuscular blockade comparable with that caused by tubocurarine and succinylcholine2. With regard to potency by dose, tubocurarine is 55 times more potent than tricyclamol and 277 times more potent than atropine; while succinylcholine is 250 times more potent than tricyclamol and 1250 times more potent than atropine3. Atropine causes the longest duration of neuromuscular block, outlasting that which is produced by tubocurarine4. Tricyclamol gives a transient blockade which closely resembles the one elicited by succinylcholine. (Summary)

Medical Treatment of Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis Using Intravenous Atropine Sulfate

Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis(IHPS) is one of the most common causes of nonbilious vomiting in early infancy, and is caused by hypertrophied pyloric muscle but its exact etiology and pathogenesis are still unknown. Fredet-Ramstedt pyloromyotomy has been accepted as the treatment of choice for IHPS. Atropine is a cholinergic blocking agent with potent antimuscarinic activity that decreases peristaltic contractions by relaxing smooth muscles. We treated a case of IHPS in a 33-day-old male infant by administering atropine sulfate intravenously. One day after atropine sulfate administration, he did not vomit any more. Ultrasonograms of the pyloric canal which were done on eight days and three weeks after atropine treatment revealed no limitation in the passage of gastric content, and no changes in the muscle thickness and length of the pyloric canal. Thereafter, he did not show up at follow ups, we received his mother's answer through phone that he did not suffer from vomiting and he was growing well at 5 months of age.

A Case of Allergic Contact Dermatitis to Atropine Sulfate / 대한피부과학회지

Atropine is a commonly used eye drug due to the effect of mydrasis and cycloplegia. The true allergic contact dermatitis to atropine is rarely reported. A case of allergic contact dermatitis due to atropine sulfate in a 35-year-old woman was confirmed by the patch test.

Preparation and Quality Control of Dilute Atropine Sulfate Eye-drops / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE: To establish the preparation process and method of quality control of dilute atropine sulfate eye-drops.METHODS: Mixing atropine sulfate with additives in water to prepare 0.04% atropine sulfate eye-drops.And determined the content of atropine sulfate by HPLC,the system consisted of C18 column and mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (55∶45).RESULTS: The product is colorless and clearing liquid.The linear range of atropine sulfate was 10～60?g/ml(r=0.9 999).The average recovery rate was100.2%(RSD=0.95%,n=9).CONCLUSION: The preparation process of dilute atropine sulfate eye-drops is simple and the method of quality control by HPLC is reliable.

Studies on the Quality Control Standard of Adansan Eye-drops / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Adansan eye-drops(ADS).METHODS:Saliva miltiorrhiza and ATP were qualitatively detected by TLC and HPLC respectively.Atropine sulfate was quantitatively detected by VIS-spectrophotometry.RESULTS:The average recovery was 99.9% with a RSD of 2.46%(n=5).CONCLUSION:This method is simple,accurate and specific.It can be used for the quality control of ADS.